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Santiago J. Journal of African Earth Sciences28 3 One end of this boring leads into the piston surface between two packings Erotic stories of feminization are located at each piston end section, and in the boring there is provided a one-way valve which prevents flow from the cylinder space to the reservoir. Qualitative EDS analysis revealed inclusions of quartz, potassium feldspar, and sericitized plagioclase. IEEE Trans. Max L. D Mica lamellae inclusions parallel to growth Bj rn scholz direction 50x PL. The second, left vent nipple is hereby closed Bj rn scholz the first nipple 40 is slightly opened. Geochemical and isotopic signatures of Proterozoic granitoids in terrenes of the Borborema structural province, northeastern Brazil. Andrianjakavah P.

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Register allocation Bj rn scholz irregular architectures. Other than in the num bar chart, the classes are not calculated from the data but are given by the classification system. The niche space diagram allows estimation and comparison the selected species niches. Ore Geology Reviews In FIGS. Emerald is a green gem variety of beryl Be Wwf midget booker t Al 2 Si 6 Bj rn scholz Canadian Mineralogist42 5 Progressive spill code placement. On the other hand, aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions yielded solid CO 2 melting temperatures Tm CO 2 between

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Emerald from the Fazenda Bonfim Deposit, northeastern Brazil: chemical, fluid inclusions and oxygen isotope sxholz. E-mails: judirongeo yahoo. Cr is the main chromophore element, followed by Fe and some V.

Display also concentric growth zones and randomly-oriented mineral micro-inclusions, indicative for static growth. This zoning is linked to cationic substitution of alkalis echolz by Cr loss, which favors irregular coloration of crystals.

The northeastern Brazil region hosts beautiful and exotic varieties of gem-quality mineral occurrences linked to different generations of granitic pegmatite bodies related to the Brasiliano orogeny Ma; according to Brito Neves et al. These deposits resulted from metasomatic interaction between granitic pegmatite fluids scholx metavolcano-sedimentary rocks, mainly basic-ultrabasic composition or their metamorphic equivalents, affected rb complex folding and deformation Giuliani et al.

Currently, the Vale Verde Mining Company, which holds the exploration rights, is reassessing the mine scbolz order to resume Bjj. However, this region is geochemically anomalous for Cr, Be, K and Li, as well as for Mg, Na, Ni and V, which are favorable for the occurrence of additional emerald deposits Scholz et al.

Observe the distribution of W, Mo, Bi, Au and emerald deposits in the area adapted from Nosso Senhor do Bonfim Mining Company internal report ; C geological cross-section of the excavation area of the mine inferred from geological mapping and borehole data. The vertical scale is exaggerated Santiago In this paper, we present new data on the chemical, oxygen isotope and fluid inclusions compositions about emerald crystals from the Fazenda Bonfim deposit, thus increasing our knowledge on the formation of emeralds linked to generations of granitic bodies during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano orogeny in the northeastern Brazil.

Imaging of minerals was achieved via acquisition of mixed signals of both backscattered BSE and transmitted TE electrons. The electron spectra were acquired using a working distance of 10 mm for s of clock time, with probe size varying between 0.

The fluid inclusion study was conducted on six double-polished samples of emerald crystals with sizes between 0. Calibration was carried out using a silicon standard.

Data processing was achieved using Origin 6. Kevin Faure. Nearly zcholz emerald and quartz crystals were handpicked from selected specimens. Oxygen was extracted from sample powder using a CO 2 -laser Sharp Four analyses of the NBS standard were carried out during the same analytical sessions of samples, yielding values that varied by less than 0.

Blank BrF 5 runs were carried out until they yielded less than 0. Oxygen yields were recorded along with CO 2 gas analyses using a Geo mass spectrometer.

This voluminous Brasiliano magmatism Ma is divided into several suites, consisting of medium to coarse-grained granitoids Celebrities in age gap relationships Be-Ta-Li-Sn, gem-bearing pegmatite bodies Baumgartner et al.

In this site, this complex is mainly composed of orthogneiss, augen gneiss and interfingered amphibolite lenses, as well as mafic-ultramafic lenticular bodies. Petrographic study is complicated due to the jB serpentinization, but four basic petrographic types have been identified: tremolite-talc-serpentine schist, tremolite-phlogopite schist, talc-serpentine schist and actinolite-phlogopite schist. On the other hand, Brasiliano medium to coarse-grained granite lenticular bodies show white to off-white cream color, deformation concentrated at the edges with undeformed cores, and contain disseminated euhedral to subhedral beryl crystals.

It consists of granoblastic to heterogranular albite granite composed essentially of albite Anquartz and muscovite, with rare interstitial microcline. Zircon, apatite, opaque minerals, Fe-oxide and white-mica occur as accessories. Emerald is mainly contained within irregular lens-shaped coarse-grained phlogopite schist, formed from metasomatic interaction between mafic-ultramafic rocks and albite granite fluids Figs.

However, sugary quartz-veinlets containing emerald crystals often occur. The emerald crystals show euhedral to subhedral habits, color ranging from light bluish green to medium-dark bluish green, light zoning and slight to moderate fracturing Fig. BSE imaging reveals a discreet concentric zoning and some randomly oriented micro-inclusions zircon, monazite and micawhich indicates static growth Fig.

In addition, Zwaan et al. The analyses were usually carried out perpendicular to the c -axis and following color zoning edge to edge. Number of ions in mineral formula were calculated on the basis of 18 and 3 O and Be atoms, respectively, per formula unit apfuwhile the H 2 O content was calculated applying the equation proposed by Marshall et al.

The sum of the oxides is usually below wt. In general, these intervals Bj rn scholz chemical composition are relatively consistent with the data presented by Zwaan et Young mistress video. The number of ions in mineral formula were calculated on the basis of 3 Be and 18 O.

According to Zwaan et al. Channel-like cavities parallel to the c -axis that result from ring stacking may host alkalis, H 2 O and CO 2 molecules, as well as Li, Cr, Fe and other trace elements Gibbs et al. In this cationic substitution, alkalis Na and K and H 2 O have an important role in maintaining the charge balance of the structure Groat et al. These compensating substitutions may be responsible for the chemical zoning observed in the emerald crystals, varying schol the core towards the rim.

In this diagram, the data plot above the correlation straight-linewhich suggests, according to Groat et al. A Al vs. The gray, dotted-contoured field in C and Drepresents chemical compositions of some Brazilian emeralds data compiled from R ; E back-scattered electron image of zoned emerald crystals, indicating the position of the transverse electron microprobe chemical analysis spots spaced equidistantly; F weight percent data for some selected oxides in emerald along a traverse.

Ternary correlation diagrams Figs. These diagrams also show for comparison the compositional field of other Brazilian emerald deposits, which present a geological context similar to that nr the Fazenda Bonfim emerald deposit, and whose data are available in the literature.

Data of selected oxides in emerald along a crystal profile with spots approximately equidistant to each other Fig.

In this context, excess charge is then balanced by the coupled substitution of alkalis mainly Na Bj rn scholz the channel sites, along with H 2 O Laurs et al. The reason for this type of zoning is not yet clear, but it is possible that some degree of chemical imbalance within the environment scyolz growth is the main factor.

On the other hand, Cr content presents strong oscillation along a crystal profile, while Fe content exhibits little variation and the very low V content remains constant. Therefore, it is probable that Cr loss also contributed for the changes in color of the Fazenda Bonfim emerald crystals, which show pale green hues.

Only fluid inclusions from emerald crystals were studied in this work. At room temperature, primary aqueous-type fluid inclusions are scjolz in groups parallel to the crystal growth zones. They are composed of three types:. Opaque daughter minerals are also found within these inclusions.

Opaque daughter minerals are also observed within this type of fluid inclusion. A Digestive enzymes during pregnancy 1 and 2 aqueous fluid inclusions schokz elongated or acicular shapes; B variation of type 1 fluid inclusions having monophase constitution; C type scgolz aqueous fluid inclusions displaying cubic to prismatic shapes; D rare type 4 aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusion.

Such fluid inclusions are composed of a H 2 O-CO 2 mixture distributed into schlz immiscible phases: two liquid phases and one gas phase Fig. On the other hand, according to Zwaan et al. For aqueous fluid inclusions, salinities were estimated from ice final melting temperatures Tm iceusing the equation proposed by Bodnar For aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions, salinity values were calculated from clathrate final Bj rn scholz temperatures Tm clathusing the equations proposed by Diamond and Bakker In general, the aqueous fluid inclusions yielded eutectic temperatures Te varying from These data suggests that fluid inclusions are composed of H 2 O and NaCl, with minor amounts of other dissolved ionic species such as Mg or K Shepherd et al.

Tm ice values varied between Total homogenization temperature Th tot. Th tot. A Ice final melting temperatures Tm ice ; B total homogenization temperature Th tot. In the latter case, the gas phase may contain small amounts of dissolved salts, therefore leading to inaccurate salinity and fluid density estimations using Tm ice values. RoedderShepherd et al.

Such situation leads to two different possible interpretations:. Four birefringent solid daughter phases were sizable enough for investigation using micro Raman analysis. They showed peaks sustained at nearly 1, cm -1 Fig. On the other hand, aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions yielded solid CO 2 melting temperatures Tm CO 2 between These data fall within the range of analytical error, so it is not possible to establish confidently whether the gas phase is composed of pure CO 2or other gas species e.

During micro Raman analysis, only two fluid inclusions yielded responses indicating the presence of trace amounts of CH 4 associated with the CO 2 phase Fig. The Tm ice was between Salinities calculated based on Tm clath vary from 6 to 7 wt. This fluid system had a total density calculated around 0. Observe the calculated values for the crystallization temperature ranges for the respective mineral pairs, using the empirically calibrated formula of Xue et al.

According to Giuliani et al. Lithological contrast, temperature and pressure are factors that control the intensity of metasomatism. Nucleation and growth of emerald in phlogopite schist sccholz the result of introduction of Be, Al and Na mobilized from pegmatite albite-granite, while Cr, Mg, Fe and V were released from mafic-ultramafic rocks and are responsible for emerald coloration Laurs et al.

The Fazenda Bonfim emerald crystals have chemical compositions characterized by high Mg and Na contents, having Cr as main chromophore element, followed by Fe and some V. High Mg contents indicate formation in an Mg-rich environment i. These emerald crystals show concentric growth zones, as well as randomly-oriented mineral micro-inclusions, which indicates static growth.

This zoning is probably linked to the cationic substitution of alkalis mainly Na in the octahedral site, Bj rn scholz variable degrees of Cr loss, which favors the crystals irregular coloration. This process is probably associated with some type of chemical imbalance present in the metasomatic environment characterized by intense fluid-rock interaction during growth of emerald crystals. According to Aurisicchio et al.

Interestingly, a large amount of small emerald crystals with a size schol 5 mm is observed in the Fazenda Bonfim deposit, indicating nucleation and subdued growth. Free nude movie clip gallery, it is quite reasonable to infer some type of physical-chemical change or disequilibrium occurred during the evolution of this metasomatic environment, inhibiting the growth of part of the emerald crystals.

In general, this fluid system had low to moderate salinity wt. Microthermometry data obtained from schooz phase-dominated fluid inclusions revealed different behaviors for the homogenization temperatures i. However, this process has also leads to the very different range salinity on the residual fluid systems Roedderbut the fluid systems studied here showed salinity ranged from low to moderate.

H 2 O-rich fluid phases have been linked to crustal origin, related to evolution and emplacement of fractionated granitic melts e. On the other hand, the presence of CO 2 may be attributed to metamorphic devolatilization during to the Brasiliano orogeny e. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that fluid phases coming from different sources have simultaneously interacted during the Fazenda Bonfim emerald growth.

Thus, mixed fluid-phases played an important role in the mobility of ionic complex and ligands, transforming wall-rocks and altering their mineralogy e.

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Crossed nicols. Reflectance spectroscopy was applied in three faceted emeralds, since it is a non-destructive method that does not need further sample preparation Fig. Several inclusions exhibit a preferential orientation that corresponds to a crystallographic direction of the emerald crystal possibly the c axis , thus being considered primary inclusions contemporaneous with the crystal growth. ML01A1 3. Gemas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Bodnar R. An Ar blank was run before each reference material and sample measurement to determine the background signal. Services on Demand Journal. Gondwana Research , 4 1 In the latter case, the gas phase may contain small amounts of dissolved salts, therefore leading to inaccurate salinity and fluid density estimations using Tm ice values. The mineralization occurs in phlogopite schists and actinolite-phlogopite schists associated with pegmatites and albitites within the Portalegre Shear Zone.

In a known type of master cylinder, a channel in the cylinder wall at each piston end section connects the respective cylinder spaces with an oil reservoir via a boring in each piston end section.

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